Dr. Michael Wise (famed translator of the Dead Sea Scrolls) taught a Sunday School class of mine about a decade ago. He had just written a book "The First Messiah: Investigating the Savior Before Jesus." In it he tells of The Teacher of Righteousness at the Qumran community. He was the first recorded Messianic figure.
The Sept/Oct 2008 BAR, (pp. 58-62) article The Messiah Son of Joseph (also called "Gabriel's Revelation") reports of a tablet from Jesus Christ's era, telling of a Son of Joseph that would be the suffering servant, would rise from the dead in 3 days, would institute righteousness and cause a general resurrection
----The following three quotes are from the above article -----------------------
'In "Gabriel's Revelation," the Lord addresses David, asking him to request of Ephraim that he place a sign: "My servant David, ask of Ephraim [that he p]lace the sign ..." (Line 16-17). ... the fact that David is sent by God to request Ephraim to place the sign may attest that Ephraim has superior rank. He, and not David, is the key person who is asked to place the sign; David is only the messenger!' (BAR p. 60)
"By three days you shall know that thus said the Lord of Hosts, the God of Israel, the evil has been broken by righteousness" (Lines 19-21) (BAR p. 60)
'"In three days, live, I, Gabriel, command you." ... Ada Yardeni has since agreed with this reading of hayeh and with the translation ... The archangel is ordering someone to rise from the dead within three days.'
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This is a link to another article about false messiahs
http://www.religiousstudies.uncc.edu/jdtabor/4Q521.html
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Daniel 7:13-14 predicted the Messiah would receive authority - and more importantly (reading this as a Christian) he would be worshiped (as part of the Trinity).
"In my vision at night I looked, and there before me was one like a son of man, coming with the clouds of heaven. He approached the Ancient of Days and was led into his presence. He was given authority, glory and sovereign power; all peoples, nations and men of every language worshiped him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and his kingdom is one that will never be destroyed.
In Daniel 9, God gave a clear time indicator for the coming of the Messiah with the prophecy of the 70 7's (weeks) of years. The prophecy states that the Messiah would be cut off 69.5 "weeks" (486.5 years) after the command to rebuild Jerusalem. The Jews didn't have the meticulous calendar and dating system we have but they knew that the Messiah should appear near the time that Jesus did.
I heard in a lecture that, in the 1st century, about 16 people were held forth as Messiahs.
An atheist can claim that Jesus was just caught up in the Messianic fervor.
I would claim that SOMEONE was going to be the divinely sent Messiah, Jesus was the true Messiah and the "other Messiahs" are evidence of the trust the Jews had in the prophecy.
http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/messiah/other-historically-significant-jewish-messiah-claimants.html
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